Gastroesophageal Reflux
Intro
GERD consists of an array of problems. It is defined as a condition that develops when the reflux of the stomach contents, such as pepsin and bile, goes backwards into the esophagus. This phenomenon is known as acid reflux and causes troublesome symptoms and/or complications. However, it is important to note that some movement or reflux of gastric contents from the stomach into the esophagus is normal.
Typical Signs and Symptoms
*indicates the most common S&S
Atypical Signs and Symptoms
Diagnostic Testing
Yellow Flags
GERD consists of an array of problems. It is defined as a condition that develops when the reflux of the stomach contents, such as pepsin and bile, goes backwards into the esophagus. This phenomenon is known as acid reflux and causes troublesome symptoms and/or complications. However, it is important to note that some movement or reflux of gastric contents from the stomach into the esophagus is normal.
Typical Signs and Symptoms
- Heartburn* (considered troublesome if mild symptoms occur two or more days/week or moderate symptoms occur more than one day/week)
- Regurgitation with bitter taste in mouth*
- Belching
- Dysphagia (difficulty swallowing)*
*indicates the most common S&S
Atypical Signs and Symptoms
- Chest pain unrelated to activity
- Sensation of a lump in the throat
- Painful swallowing (adynophagia)
- Wheezing, coughing, hoarseness
- Asthma
- Sore throat, laryngitis
- Weight loss
- Anemia
Diagnostic Testing
- Diagnosis of GERD can be based upon clinical symptoms alone.
Yellow Flags
- Medical referral recommended for anyone who reports signs and symptoms of GERD. GERD should be treated to prevent a chronic condition from occurring with more serious consequences.
References:
Goodman, MBA, PT, C. C., & Snyder, MN, RN, OCN, T. E. (2007). Differential Diagnosis PHYSICAL THERAPISTS Screening for Referral (4thth ed.). St. Louis, MO: Saunders Elsevier
Richter, J E. "Typical and Atypical Presentations of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease." Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 25.1 (1996): 75.
Vakil, N, S V. Van Zanten, P Kahrilas, J Dent, and R Jones. "The Montreal Definition and Classification of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: a Global Evidence-based Consensus." Am J Gastroenterol 101.8 (2006): 1900.
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