Myocardial Infarction
Introduction
Myocardial infarction is medical condition referring to ischemic and necrosis of the myocardial tissue secondary to an occlusion of a coronary artery. The heart muscle itself receives its blood supply from the coronary arteries. "Coronary artery disease is the primary cause of a myocardial infarction" (Frownfelter, 2006, p. 522). There are a wide array of symptoms, with notable difference between males and females. Sometimes an MI may be silent altogether. It may be important to note that a MI is 40% more likely to occur in the morning hours.
Signs & Symptoms
- Common referral patterns are shown in the visual below:
Diagnosis
Diagnosis consists of clinical presentation and an ECG or other special testing by a physician.
Signs and symptoms of a myocardial infarction requires immediate medical attention.
References
(2000). Myocardial infarction redefined-a consensus document of the joint european society of cardiology/american college of cardiology. American College of Cardiology & European Society of Cardiology, 1(37), 959-969. Retrieved from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0735109700008044
Frownfelter, D., & Dean, E. (2006). Cardiovascular and pulmonary physical therapy. (4th ed., p. 522). St. Louis, MO: Mosby Inc.
Goodman, MBA, PT, C. C., & Snyder, MN, RN, OCN, T. E. (2007). Differential Diagnosis PHYSICAL THERAPISTS Screening for Referral (4thth ed.). St. Louis, MO: Saunders Elsevier.
McSweeney JC. (2003). Women's early warning symptoms of acute myocardial infarction. Circulation, 108(21), 2619-2623
Thygesen K, Alpert JS, White HD, Joint ESC/ACCF/AHA/WHF. Task Force for the Redefinition of Myocardial Infarction. (2007). Universal definition of myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J., 28(20), 2525. Retrieved from http://eurheartj.oxfordjournals.org/content/28/20/2525.long
Image retrieved from: http://www.biotrofix.com/myocardial-infarction.html
Myocardial infarction is medical condition referring to ischemic and necrosis of the myocardial tissue secondary to an occlusion of a coronary artery. The heart muscle itself receives its blood supply from the coronary arteries. "Coronary artery disease is the primary cause of a myocardial infarction" (Frownfelter, 2006, p. 522). There are a wide array of symptoms, with notable difference between males and females. Sometimes an MI may be silent altogether. It may be important to note that a MI is 40% more likely to occur in the morning hours.
Signs & Symptoms
- Chest pain > 30 minutes
- Angina unrelieved by rest or change in position
- Shortness of breath
- Fatigue
- Dizziness
- Weakness
- Prolonged, severe substernal chest pain or sensation of squeezing
- Pain radiating down one or both arms, to the throat, neck, back, jaw, or shoulder
- Feeling of indigestion
- Nausea
- Pallor
- Diaphoresis
- Unusual fatigue
- Sleep disturbance
- Shortness of breath
- Indigestion
- Anxiety
- Chest aching, tightness, pressure, or discomfort
- Pain or discomfort in the left breast, neck, jaw
- Common referral patterns are shown in the visual below:
Diagnosis
Diagnosis consists of clinical presentation and an ECG or other special testing by a physician.
Signs and symptoms of a myocardial infarction requires immediate medical attention.
References
(2000). Myocardial infarction redefined-a consensus document of the joint european society of cardiology/american college of cardiology. American College of Cardiology & European Society of Cardiology, 1(37), 959-969. Retrieved from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0735109700008044
Frownfelter, D., & Dean, E. (2006). Cardiovascular and pulmonary physical therapy. (4th ed., p. 522). St. Louis, MO: Mosby Inc.
Goodman, MBA, PT, C. C., & Snyder, MN, RN, OCN, T. E. (2007). Differential Diagnosis PHYSICAL THERAPISTS Screening for Referral (4thth ed.). St. Louis, MO: Saunders Elsevier.
McSweeney JC. (2003). Women's early warning symptoms of acute myocardial infarction. Circulation, 108(21), 2619-2623
Thygesen K, Alpert JS, White HD, Joint ESC/ACCF/AHA/WHF. Task Force for the Redefinition of Myocardial Infarction. (2007). Universal definition of myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J., 28(20), 2525. Retrieved from http://eurheartj.oxfordjournals.org/content/28/20/2525.long
Image retrieved from: http://www.biotrofix.com/myocardial-infarction.html