Pneumonia
Introduction
Pneumonia refers to inflammation of the lungs due to an organism or other agent (REF). Basal Pneumonia specifically is fluid affecting the lower lobes of the lungs. Although pneumonia can affect anyone, typically older adults and children are at an increased risk. Other risk factors include the following:
Signs & Symptoms:
Referral Pattern
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is based upon clinical cluster of signs and symptoms, physical examination, as well as, chest imaging (REF). The physical examination should include percussion and auscultation of the chest and abdomen. Findings may include abnormal noises suggestion fluid in the lungs. Patients suspected of suffering pneumonia should be referred out to a physician.
References
Mandell LA, Wunderink RG, Anzueto A, et al. 2007. Infectious Diseases Society of America/American Thoracic Society consensus guidelines on the management of community-acquired pneumonia in adults. Clin Infect Dis. 44, S27-S72. Retreieved from http://cid.oxfordjournals.org/content/44/Supplement_2/S27.full
Goodman, MBA, PT, C. C., & Snyder, MN, RN, OCN, T. E. (2007). Differential Diagnosis PHYSICAL THERAPISTS Screening for Referral (4thth ed.). St. Louis, MO: Saunders Elsevier.
Image retrieved from: http://www.medooc.com/image-result/Pneumonia+%26Atilde%3B%26copy%3B+a+principal+causa+de+interna%26Atilde%3B%26sect %3B%26Atilde%3B%26pound%3Bo+no+pa%26Atilde%3B%26shy%3Bs+|+Jornal+...#.UdR7JW39XZg
Pneumonia refers to inflammation of the lungs due to an organism or other agent (REF). Basal Pneumonia specifically is fluid affecting the lower lobes of the lungs. Although pneumonia can affect anyone, typically older adults and children are at an increased risk. Other risk factors include the following:
- Smoking
- Air pollution
- URI
- Altered consciousness
- Endotracheal intubation
- Prolonged immobility
- Immunosuppressive therapy
- Nonfunctional immune system
- Severe periodontal disease
- Prolonged exposure to virulent organisms
- Malnutrition or dehydration
- Chronic diseases such as diabetes
- Inhalation of noxious substances
- Aspiration of oral/gastric material, foreign material
Signs & Symptoms:
- Fever, chills
- Sweats
- Pleuritic chest pain
- Productive or nonproductive cough
- Sputum
- Hemoptysis
- Dyspnea or tachypenea
- Headache
- Fatigue
- Tachycardia
- Hypoxemia
- Generalized aches
- Confusion in older adults
Referral Pattern
- Abdominal pain or discomfort
- Shoulder or back pain
- Painful or swollen knees
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is based upon clinical cluster of signs and symptoms, physical examination, as well as, chest imaging (REF). The physical examination should include percussion and auscultation of the chest and abdomen. Findings may include abnormal noises suggestion fluid in the lungs. Patients suspected of suffering pneumonia should be referred out to a physician.
References
Mandell LA, Wunderink RG, Anzueto A, et al. 2007. Infectious Diseases Society of America/American Thoracic Society consensus guidelines on the management of community-acquired pneumonia in adults. Clin Infect Dis. 44, S27-S72. Retreieved from http://cid.oxfordjournals.org/content/44/Supplement_2/S27.full
Goodman, MBA, PT, C. C., & Snyder, MN, RN, OCN, T. E. (2007). Differential Diagnosis PHYSICAL THERAPISTS Screening for Referral (4thth ed.). St. Louis, MO: Saunders Elsevier.
Image retrieved from: http://www.medooc.com/image-result/Pneumonia+%26Atilde%3B%26copy%3B+a+principal+causa+de+interna%26Atilde%3B%26sect %3B%26Atilde%3B%26pound%3Bo+no+pa%26Atilde%3B%26shy%3Bs+|+Jornal+...#.UdR7JW39XZg